Tools for Sustainable Finance

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Chapter Coordinator: Anna Spenceley
Chapter contributors: Marcello Notarianni, Anna Spenceley, Ralf Buckley, Dashpruev Tserendeleg, Chelsey Walden-Schreiner, Susan Snyman, Dani Ndebele.


Chapter 10 Table of Contents
10.1 Introduction

10.2.1 Where Tourism User Fees are High
10.2.2 Where Tourism User Fees are Low

10.3 Tourism Concession Fees
10.4 License Fees
10.5 Guidelines on Financing Protected Areas from Tourism Revenue

References

  1. Buckley, R.C. (2010). Conservation Tourism. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
  2. Buckley, R.C., Witting, N. and Guest, M. (2003). ‘Visitor Fees, Tour Permits and Asset and Risk Management by Parks Agencies: Australian Case Study’. In: R.C. Buckley, D. Pickering, and D.B. Weaver (eds.) Nature-Based Tourism, Environment and Land Management, pp. 51-69. Oxford, UK: CAB International.
  3. Corbett National Park (2014). Corbett National Park Official Website. http://www.corbettnationalpark.in (8 October 2014)
  4. Department of Forests, Govt. of Uttarakhand (GUDF). Uttarakhand Forest Statistics Report 2013-2014. Unpublished report.
  5. Dixon, J. A. and Sherman, P. B. (1991). Economics of Protected Areas: A New Look At Benefits and Costs. London: Earthscan.
  6. Eagles, P. and Hillel, O. (2008) Improving protected area finance through tourism, Paper presented to the Second meeting of the Ad Hoc Open‐ended Working Group on Protected Areas (WGPA‐2) – Rome, Italy, February 11 – 15 2008, in preparation for the Ninth meeting of the Conference of the #Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP‐9) – Bonn, Germany, May 19 to 30, 2008
  7. Eagles, P. F. J., Baycetich, C. M., Chen, X., Dong, L, Halpenny, E., Kwan, P. B., Lenuzzi, J. J., Wang, X., Xiao, Hl, and Zhang, Y. (2009). ‘Guidelines for Planning and Management of Concessions, Licenses and Permits for Tourism in Protected Areas’, Tourism Planning and Management Program, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 23 April 2009.
  8. Eagles, P.F.J., McCool, S.F. and Haynes, C.D.A. (2002). Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Planning and Management. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN, UNWTO, UNEP and Cardiff University. Online Resource
  9. Emerton, L., Bishop, J. and Thomas, L. (2006). Sustainable Financing of Protected Areas: A Global Review of Challenges and Options, Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 13. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
  10. Environmental Protection Agency, Republic of Maldives (EPA-RoM) (2010). Baa Atoll UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and BAA Atoll Conservation Fund officially launched. Retrieved from http://epa.gov.mv/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=774:baa-atoll-unesco-biosphere-reserve-and-baa-atoll-conservation-fund-officially-launched&catid=1:latestnews&Itemid=6.
  11. Ferretti, E.L. (2012). Atoll ecosystem-based conservation of globally significant biological diversity in the Maldives’ Baa Atoll: GEF project. Terminal Evaluation Report. Retrieved from http://erc.undp.org/evaluationadmin/manageevaluation/viewevaluationdetail.html?evalid=5571.
  12. Global Environment Facility (GEF) (2013) Atoll ecosystem-based conservation of globally significant biological diversity in the Maldives’ Baa Atoll. Project summary. Retrieved from http://www.environment.gov.mv/gef/project/atoll-ecosystem-based-conservation-of-globally-significant-biological-diversity-in-the-maldives-baa-atoll/
  13. Hustai National Park. (2013). ‘Hustai National Park’. Retrieved from http://www.hustai.mn. Accessed 30 July 2014.
  14. Ise, J. (1961). Our National Park Policy: A Critical History. Baltimore, Maryland: The John Hopkins Press.
  15. IUCN. (2014). Resport house reefs: Maldives promote privately Managed Marine areas. Retrieved from http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/?16089/Resort-House-Reefs-Maldives-promote-privately-Managed-Marine-Areas.
  16. Maldives Marketing and Public Relations Corporation (MMPRC) (Undated) Baa Atoll, Maldives: UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve. Retrieved from http://www.visitmaldives.com/en/environment-friendly-tourism/baa-atoll-maldives-unesco-world-biosphere-reserve.
  17. Mitchell, J., Keane, J., and Laidlaw, J. (2009). Making Success Work for the Poor: Package Tourism in Northern Tanzania, Final Report. London, UK: Overseas Development Institute. Accessible at http://www.odi.org.uk/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/4203.pdf
  18. Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO). (2010). Namibia’s communal conservancies: A review of progress – 2009. NACSO, Windhoek, Namibia.
  19. National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA 2012). NTCA Comprehensive Guidelines for Tiger Conservation and Tourism. http://www.moef.nic.in/assets/Comprehensive_Guidelines_NTCA.pdf (8 October 2014)
  20. Neilsen, H. and Spenceley, A. (2011). ‘The success of tourism in Rwanda: Gorillas and more’. In P. Chunhan-Pole and M. Angwafo (eds.) Yes Africa Can: Success Stories From a Dynamic Continent, pp. 231-249. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
  21. Salole, M. (2003). Torra Conservancy and tourism development merging two disparate worlds in rural Namibia. Unpublished Masters thesis, School of Management Studies for the Service Sector, University of Surrey.
  22. SANParks. (2012). Annual Report. http://www.sanparks.org/assets/docs/general/annual-report-2012.pdf: pp. 29-30; Exchange rate of 1 June 2012 used of 0.11714, www.oanda.com
  23. SEMIA. (2013). Matrix Benchmark Study. Unpublished report
  24. Snyman, S. (2012b) Ecotourism joint ventures between the private sector and communities: An updated analysis of the Torra Conservancy and Damaraland Camp partnership, Namibia, Tourism Management Perspectives, 4, 127-135.
  25. Spenceley, A. (2008) Responsible Tourism: Critical issues for Conservation and Development, Earthscan
  26. Spenceley, A. (2014). ‘Benefit Sharing From Natural Heritage: Examples and Challenges from Africa’, presentation at the Inkasa Symposium, Cape Town, South Africa, April 2014.
  27. Subotic, V. and Begovic, M. (2012). Unleashing the Economic Potential for Sustainable Development of Rural Communities in the Dinaric Arc Eco-Region Project. Montenegro, Via Dinarica: UNDP.
  28. Tserendeleg, D. (2013). ‘Tourism development of Hustai National Park of Mongolia’, paper presented at the 1st Asia Parks Congress; Sendai, Japan.
  29. Wyman, M., Barborak, J. R., Inamdar, N., and Stein, T. (2011). Best practices for tourism concessions in protected areas: A review of the field, Forests, 2, 913-928. Online Resource
  30. Zhong, L., Buckley, R.C., and Wardle, C. Environmental and visitor management in a thousand protected areas in China. Biological Conservation (in review).

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